by David J. Schow
Cheese has been called “nature’s most perfect food” when
there’s very little “natural” about it. Movies and television are often denigrated as “hamburger” and the big
studios, as “sausage factories.”
But cheese, hamburger and sausage are among the world’s staple foods
(outside of a lot of Asia, anyway, where jellyfish is a side dish to everything
— especially in China, don’t ask me why). Look at menus across your favorite assortment of eateries and you’ll see
the principal dishes generally boil down to “some kind of meat with some kind
of cheese on it.”
Speaking of a long-lost TV pilot, a friend recently told me,
“It’s cheesy — but in a good way.”
We love our cheese.
It may not be good for you, but it sure is tasty. “Cheesy goodness” is a selling point
for a lot of food-like items, but when applied to any other arena, “cheesy”
somehow came to mean inauthentic or kitschy; by one definition, “something that
wants to be good but is bad.” In
the gustatory realm, the usage sprang from the time-honored French tactic of
covering up sub-par ingredients with the camouflage of cheese (see: French Onion Soup). In general usage it also dovetailed
from sports slang, especially in regard to football and goals or plays that
“stank” — just like that nasty French cheese that, according to lyric, “smells
like people’s feet.”
What my pal told me, above, implies that for every “good”
kind of cheese, there’s a “bad” kind of cheese … which means that in all its
other slang usages, “cheese” implies something with obvious drawbacks and flaws
that the fans of said cheese consciously choose to ignore.
Which brings us to most television, and indeed, most art.
Kolchak: The Night Stalker is larded with
cheese … but in a good way. That
cheese which makes the sub-par fast food of TV tastier.
In the pressure-cooker of series production, writers, actors
and directors rarely set out to manufacture cheese intentionally, but
frequently the cheese layer becomes a way of rescuing the meal, and if that
doesn’t work, hey, let’s put some bacon on it! Let’s add sugar-and-spice-rich dipping
sauces! Past all the glop
du jour, though, most people still have a firm idea in their brains of the
difference between a good hamburger and a bad one … and please don’t get me
started on vegetarianism. *
(There’s a tangential argument to be made here, about how
the gradual subjugation of series television by soap-operatic “arcs” has
obliterated the once-honorable concept of an episode that can stand alone on
its own drama, and converted the meal into an endless succession of appetizers
that noodle around and never get to the main course … but that’s a whole
‘nother essay.)
(I can just hear our own Tony Vincenzo – Mr. Enfantino —
protesting: “Cripes! I thought I had my wires crossed with Spatula
& Ladle Magazine! Cheese?!”)
Another friend, who used to work for the primetime sausage
factories that produced most of the TV hits of the 1980s, said, “Back then, you
could come up with an idea for a series in the car on the way to work, and the
network would give you 26 episodes just to try it out.” That seems so far away now, and unduly
luxurious, but it was true. A
different producer had what strikes me as a good rule of thumb, even today: If out of the pell-mell rush of
sausage-making, you could yield three or four good episodes out of a season,
then you were batting a thousand.
And frequently, everybody knows which episodes are the good ones early
on. They make the rest of the toil
and frustration almost worthwhile.
The difference, today, is that the evidence is often readily
available, via disc and download.
With TV series (as I said in regard to The Outer Limits),
it’s instructive to consider the “better” episodes in light of the episodes
made around them.
You don’t have to eat everything on the platter. But some of the leftovers on the
Kolchak Pu-Pu tray are still … intriguing.
Sometimes “failed” shows unerringly influence later
shows. Their gold shows through,
whether by Monday-morning quarterbacking or some aspect of concept that took
time to surface — more time than the brief candle-flicker the show had when it
was alive. This readily explains a
big part of the longevity of KTNS and the Kolchak canon in general. A distinction I find curious is that
ever since KTNS was cancelled, somebody, in some form, was persistently trying
to breathe it back to life. The
series was gone but Kolchak himself refused to die.
I had a very strange meeting at Morgan Creek in the mid-90s
when that company was hellbent on doing a Kolchak feature. One of the scripts that resulted —
virtually a Xerox of the first Kolchak feature — was credited as “by Steve Feke
& Dan Curtis, based on the screenplay by Richard Matheson and the novel by
Jeff Rice,” which certainly over-covers all the bases. Everything old was new again.
This was the script in which our hero became “Karl Kolchak,”
described only as “middle forties, seedy, unshaven, bleary-eyed” and “looking
only slightly better than the cheese” that molders in his fridge (I kid you not).
The producers asked, did Kolchak have to
smoke? Drink? Couldn’t he be younger? Couldn’t he investigate serial killers
instead of vampires?
Instead of: How
can we present Kolchak as a glorious anachronism in a world that doesn’t know
what an anachronism is?
X-Files creator Chris Carter had always credited KTNS as a germinal
inspiration, and his initial efforts to transplant Kolchak into the X-Files
realm are well documented — first as Kolchak (unsuccessfully), then as Mulder’s
dad (unsuccessfully), and later (successfully) as Special Agent Arthur Dales in
two episodes, “Travelers” and “Agua Mala.” Darren McGavin also filmed scenes as Dales for a third
episode, “The Unnatural,” but had to withdraw due to suffering a stroke. His scenes were reshot with M. Emmet
Walsh as Dales’ brother (McGavin’s scenes are available as an extra on the
X-Files Season 6 DVD set).
Reportedly McGavin was originally turned off by just how
much The X Files seemed like a ripoff of KTNS. In fact, there are whole web pages
devoted to some of the parallels, such as:
“The Ripper” = “Teliko,” “2Shy,” “Squeeze,” “Tooms.”
“The Zombie” = “Kaddish,” “Fresh Bones.”
“They Have Been, They Are, They Will Be” = “Fallen Angel”
“Bad Medicine” = “Shapes,” “Anasazi,” “The Blessing Way”
“The Energy Eater” = “Darkness Falls,” “Conduit”
“The Spanish Moss Murders” = “Sleepless,” “The Host,”
“Schizogeny”
“Horror in the Heights” = “Colony”
… and so on.
(A similar anti-synergy happened when I finally decided to
sample The X Files by watching an episode titled “Little Green
Men.” I felt it was too beholden
to several Outer Limits episodes, and watched no more until the
McGavin connection occurred. By
that time, a regurgitated “new” version of The Outer Limits had
pooped along to ruin whatever joy I had left in life.)
Earlier, in 1973, Dan Curtis
attempted to salvage what was left of his sunken “Kolchak ship” (since he had
been iced out of the TV series) by producing and directing a pilot for The
Norliss Tapes in exactly the same gear, but a minor key indeed compared
to the seersucker titan. Aired a
little more than a month following the debut of The Night Strangler, The
Norliss Tapes was scripted by Matheson’s co-writer on The Night
Killers, William F. Nolan.
Screen credit insists that Nolan
based his work on an unnamed story by novelist Fred Mustard Stewart, then at
the height of his post-Mephisto Waltz popularity. Whether the “story by” credit reflects
an arbitration or an actual written treatment, the resultant TV movie is
listless and perfunctory as well as deeply beholden to Kolchak — even
shoplifting the whole “tapes” idea from Jeff Rice’s original Kolchak
Tapes.
Still, The Norliss Tapes
is probably a pretty good barometer of what the never-filmed Night
Killers might have looked like if you subtracted Matheson’s signature
humor and handed the entire project off to second string players: Likable actors plod through a
procedural of the strange, accented with the signature Dan Curtis’ “attack”
sequences by an inarticulate, snarling menace, and culminates in a pallid
climax that doesn’t amount to much of a resolution.
On paper, Roy Thinnes — veteran
of The Invaders — must have seemed a terrific choice for David
Norliss, tormented writer and skeptic-turned believer, but his performance is
somnambulant and dull — a polar opposite to Kolchak’s verve. Norliss can’t help but
seem like a failed Night Stalker scenario. At least The Night Killers
would have skewed Kolchak even more firmly into X Files
territory, by introducing a science fictional antagonist instead of a
supernatural one.
To sample The Night Killers,
see the selection from the draft dated January 15, 1974, available at darrenmcgavin.net … or check out the full teleplay
in Richard Matheson’s Kolchak Scripts (Gauntlet Press, 2003),
edited by our very own Mark Dawidziak.
What makes Norliss
interesting in the Kolchak canon is its class reunion of much of the talent on
both sides of the camera for the Kolchak telefilms. For completists only, it was still impactful enough for Gene
Roddenberry to rip it off several years later with his own failed pilot about
occult detectives, Spectre (1977).
In 1987, Nolan resurrected the Norliss
protagonist as “David Kincaid” for a series of stories that can be found in Kincaid: A Paranormal Casebook (Rocket Ride Books, 2011).
According to Phillip Jose Farmer’s elaborate Wold Newton
Universe — a vast compendium and family tree interrelating nearly every
fictional sleuth and supervillain — Carl Kolchak was one of those rare
individuals who was preternaturally attracted to the threats he
investigated. As Matthew Isleman
observed in a Wold Newton article called “Murder Magnetism: Four Case Studies”
—
While murder magnetism seems to affect a number of people, there is a rarer condition I like to call monster magnetism (…) instead of being drawn to a mundane crime, the person is drawn to the supernatural. One major example of this is Carl Kolchak. Carl was a reporter who investigated supernatural cases. Though he lived in a variety of different cities (because of being repeatedly laid off), he would routinely encounter supernatural phenomena.
“From Russia with Madness,” a typically bizarre Wold Newton
piece by Octavio Aragão & Carlos Martinho, posits that Fox Mulder of The
X Files is the son of Tatiana Romanova (of From Russia With Love)
and an unnamed American secret agent.
She also had a daughter named Samantha, who was kidnapped by an outfit
called MJ-12:
This kidnapping was investigated by a reporter named Carl Kolchak, who unfortunately could not produce enough evidence to blame the government for the crime. (Sound familiar? – DJS) Kolchak’s failure made Fox quite disappointed in journalism, a career the boy was considering. When Kolchak ended empty-handed, Fox decided to infiltrate the enemy. He would become an FBI investigator.
(The Wold Newton Universe is eminently searchable online,
but be warned: Once you start
investigating it, you may become hopelessly lost and mildly insane.)
Seeing Kolchak’s final hurrah in the form of a digital
McGavin cameo in the 2005 Night Stalker series reminds us that
the last time we saw our bowlegged savior, he was hightailing it away from a
guy in a really ridiculous lizard suit in the no-budget closer to his single
season on network TV. Nope, no
closure there.
But it can be had.
There is a magical episode of Tales from the Darkside
titled “Distant Signals,” which I maintain can be interpreted as a final and
most satisfying chapter in the Kolchak legacy. All you need is a tiny residual sprinkle of the capacity for
a sense of winder or suspension of disbelief.
“Distant Signals” was based on a short story by Andrew
Weiner originally published in Rod Serling’s The Twilight Zone
Magazine in 1984. The teleplay was
by Ted Gershuny (Mary Woronov’s ex-husband), and tells the tale of another TV
series deep-sixed in mid-season: Max
Paradise, a detective show loosely modeled on The Fugitive.
Its washed-up star, “Van Conway,” was played by Darren
McGavin a decade after he had logged his final Kolchak episode — and 27 years
after he had played tough guy Mike Hammer, another model for Max Paradise.
Seventeen years after the mid-season cancellation of Max
Paradise, an alien benefactor visits Earth to resurrect both Van Conway
(now an alcoholic has-been) and the series itself, a foul ball to almost
everyone involved in it. The
visitor (wonderfully played by Lenny von Dohlen) wants the “old team” to
reunite and make six more episodes of Max Paradise to bring
closure to Max’s story.
Why?
Because the faraway aliens have only just received our TV
transmissions, and were dismayed that Max’s story just seemed to cut off in
mid-stream.
If you squint just a little bit, it’s easy to read the
episode as a charming metaphor that saves Carl Kolchak from the “Whatever
Happened To…?” file.
As Bill Gibron observed in his incisive writeup of the KTNS
DVD set at DVD Verdict:
“Since the dawn of the new millennium, we have more or less given up on monsters. The old-fashioned belief in the bogeyman and the local legends of haunted houses and ghostly apparitions have all but faded into the woodwork of modern worries. Molesters and thrill killers are the new ogres that unsettle our sleep, and we are more likely to delve into the mind of a serial slayer than argue over the existence of vampires. In this technologically complex realm, we dismiss that which does not come to us from the never-resting mantras of the mass-media machine. Today, bloodsuckers are just confused Goth kids, werewolves are painted with bizarre ethnic origins, and zombies are relegated to bit players in some first-time filmmaker’s living dead epic. Where once monsters were the major macabre movement, they have been uprooted and replaced by their far more marketable human counterparts. But boy, back in the 70s we really loved our beasts (and) Carl Kolchak, decked out in a singular set of clothes that made him part schlub, part superhero, became our divine hammer.”
_________________________________________
*
Still, among people of no depth, “cheesy” basically means “older than me,” a
dismissive catch-all intended to demote any and everything to quaint, outmoded,
knee-slapping oblivion. Just
look at those hats! This movie sucks!
And while most modern
screen-watchers tend to dismiss everything that came before them as cheese —
unaware that their faves will look even cheesier in record time —
scratch one of ‘em until they bleed and you’ll discover they are usually
talking about technical presentation, which has become venerated over story or
content because it’s all many newer fables have to offer. Depth or resonance vex them.
#
# # # # # # #
Stay tuned later today for Mark Dawidziak's look at Carl Kolchak in print! And come back tomorrow for David Schow's overview of the revival series!
Very cool article. And thank you very much. ;-)
ReplyDeleteThe fictional 'Max Paradise' series presented in the Distant Signals episode of "Tales from the Darkside" strikes me as having been inspired by "Coronet Blue" rather than "The Night Stalker."
ReplyDeleteCarl Kolchak - humor = David Norliss.
ReplyDeleteAlthough a Norliss Tapes series might have been heavy going, I really rather like the TV-movie. (Love all those moody shots of Norliss driving up and down the Pacific Coast Hightway as Thinnes does his narration). The sculptor-zombie was a pretty good monster, and his coming back to life to finish the statue of the demon also proved to be a pretty good plot (although many of the scenes with sheriff Claude Akins, especially with him on the golf course, were essentially padding).
Terrific essay, DJS, as always. I'm sure Norliss was played bland to differentiate him from the wild and crazy Kolchak (See? It's not the same premise after all!). Also, the sensitive name "David" seems appropriated from Louis Jourdan's Dr. Sorell, who started the made-for-TV supernatural sleuth cycle in 1969. Clearly, NBC turned to Dan Curtis after NIGHT STALKER's success to provide them with another demon-seeking David for a possible weekly series. Gene Roddenberry's SPECTRE and the late James Farentino as a defrocked priest/part time exorcist in THE POSSESSED (both 1977) represent the network's final efforts in this genre. Amazingly, none of these guys got to hunt down ghoulies and ghosties on a regular series basis. I guess we should consider ourselves lucky that #1 monster slayer Kolchak managed twenty episodes.
ReplyDeleteI'm not sure where to post this comment/question... right here or when the Kolchak blog wraps up... but --
ReplyDeleteGary, re the "Mannix in a Graveyard" idea, I've always wondered... as a horror/sci-fi fan, I'm naturally grateful the networks took these swings (and misses) at the concept, although... if I was a ratings number cruncher, I'd be hard put not to tell my network bosses that they were chasing their tails. Was the supernatural sleuth formula ever going to work on a weekly basis? Work in the terms of what a 1960s/1970s TV world would consider a success? (Good ratings, somewhere in the Top 25, lasting at least 4 or 5 seasons, etc.).
When you think about it and consider all the non-anthology, non-comedy shows in "our" peculiar genre, what were the big successes? To my mind, the didn't come until The X-Files**, Buffy the Vampire Slayer & Star Trek: Next Generation. Although, I also notice that the one thing those three have in common is that they all aired on what were then fledgling networks, operations that were willing to accept modest ratings as long as the shows garnered postivie reviews, good demographics and "buzz"/credibility for the network. If any had started back then on the original "Big Three" - NBC, CBS & ABC - would any have lasted? Probably not.
In fact, only today, with the reduced expectations brought from the splintered audiences of a multi-channel universe, would I think the big networks willing to accept what had always been niche shows (we just love 'em cause they're our niche!).
**(Among the shows I mentioned, I think the clear breakthrough hit was, ironically enough for this Kolchak blog, Carl K's creative stepchild, The X-Files. Although Chris Carter's show started out as a cult hit, it managed to transform into a legitimate popular hit midway through its run (the big step was its successful move from Friday nights to Sunday nights). Unlike, say, the original Star Trek, X-Files didn't have to wait until syndication to become a hit - it actually managed to crack the season Top 20 a couple of times, and even garnered Gillian Anderson a Best Actress Emmy).
***I suppose, if we DO include comedies, maybe the biggest horror/scifi genre hit, ratings-wise, was Bewitched.
****Please note I'm also talking about shows debuting pre-2000; going up to today, Lost would probably rank highest considering ratings, coverage and industry recognition (Best Drama Emmy).
Fascinating observations, my friend! I think the idea of a supernatural sleuth is an extension of the traditional detective genre, taken "to the next level" by TV producers who find the novelty refreshingly different. The genre actually branches off into two specific groups: the "exposers," protagonists who ultimately see through a cleverly-conceived hoax, like Don Murray's character in DAUGHTER OF THE MIND, and the "true believers," investigators who know that the supernatural is real, and challenge malevolent demons on their own terms. Both variations never quite made it as mainstream television offerings, although, as you point out, X-FILES came pretty darn close.
ReplyDeleteIt's interesting... With made-for-TV horror flicks being so popular in the 1970s, it's understandable that the networks would be pushing for a "Mannix in a cemetery"-type series. After all, TV movies come and go, as do anthologies, but a regular hit program with popular lead stars can go on for years and years. So, the timing seemed right. Even so, both THE SIXTH SENSE ('72) and KOLCHAK ('74) died after only a handful of episodes. It seemed the Greatest Generation and the Baby Boomers readily accepted TV horror in clipped, 90-minute doses, but not in an ongoing weekly series format with continuing characters. That may also explain why theatrical horror movies traditionally have a great opening week at the boxoffice, then quickly drop off by huge percentages. Mainstreamers apparently like the "gimmick" of a horror shocker, but, for the most part, refuse to give it commercial legs. Instead, they want another, slightly different horror shocker to replace it ASAP.
Ironically, the Generation Xers and "Millennials" have proven to be just as fickle. Even though they were born to the fantastic ever since STAR WARS and video games in general replaced westerns with sci-fi as mainstream popular entertainment, a show like THE X-FILES would have been canceled mid-season if the series happened to be on, say, NBC instead of Fox. XENA and HERCULES were hits only because they were syndicated offerings, with not much at stake. And BUFFY THE VAMPIRE SLAYER never would have been green-lit as a series to begin with, given the feature film's initial failure. Even on a fantasy-friendly lesser network, we must remember, critically praised BUFFY's ratings were always dreadful. Indeed, that show combined TWO of mainstream television's least popular sub-genres: supernatural hunters AND superheroines.
Sigh. The more things change...
Compelling essay and responses! Trivia; In the original "Distant signals" short story, Max Paradise was a Western, not a crime drama.
ReplyDelete"Still, among people of no depth, “cheesy” basically means “older than me,” a dismissive catch-all intended to demote any and everything to quaint, outmoded, knee-slapping oblivion. Just look at those hats! This movie sucks!"
ReplyDeleteThe flip side are the people who treat everything old as gold, because they see movies that depict a kinder, gentler America (one we wish we could have again) and conveniently forget two things:
a) those old movies were mandated (by the Hayes code) to avoid depicting the rougher edges that were a (not well-publicized) fact of that older America
b) the worship of the old is really a worship of our own youth, and the limitless potential (we imagine) that we had (before all the mistakes accrued and turned us into the creatures we are now)